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{"id":538,"date":"2020-10-18T11:54:29","date_gmt":"2020-10-18T02:54:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itenterpriser.com\/?p=538"},"modified":"2021-02-12T05:14:25","modified_gmt":"2021-02-11T20:14:25","slug":"ssd-vs-hdd-what-is-the-difference","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itenterpriser.com\/knowledge-base\/ssd-vs-hdd-what-is-the-difference\/","title":{"rendered":"SSD vs. HDD: What’s the Difference?"},"content":{"rendered":"

If I were to be cavalier about the question posed and answered by this article, I’d simply tell you that Solid-State Drives (SSDs) are very fast, and Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) are not; though the latter are<\/em> far cheaper and far more capacious. When you need speed, use SSDs; when you are short of funds or need lots of capacity, use HDDs. But brevity doesn’t pay the rent, so… here’s the full SSD vs. HDD story.<\/p>\n

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)<\/h2>\n

Hard disk drives are perfectly named in that they store data on, yes, you guessed it–hard disks; more commonly referred to in the industry as platters. Said platters are coated with tiny magnetic particles whose orientation is changed to represent the 1’s and 0’s (on\/off) of binary data.<\/p>\n

The platters are mounted on a spindle inside a case and spun by an electric motor. As the tiny electronic particles whirl around in their little fixed orbit, they are hunted by read\/write heads floating (suspended by surface effect) just above the platters. Particles are manipulated in bands, and the heads step from band to band with the use of… stepper motors. Magnetic fields issuing from the heads either report the state of the particles (read) or reorient them (write).<\/p>\n

\"The
The inside of a typical hard disk drive (Seagate)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

For a large part of the hard drive’s existence, said tiny particles were reoriented parallel to the surface of the platter in what’s known as longitudinal magnetic recording (LMR). To allow greater areal density (bits per square whatever) the industry changed this reorientation so that it happens perpendicular to the platter (Perpendicular Magnetic Recording\/PMR).<\/p>\n

The latest massive capacity hard drives slightly overlap or “shingle” (Shingled Magnetic Recording\/SMR) PMR bands to further increase areal density. This technique does invoke performance penalties under some circumstances. Note that non-shingled PMR is now often referred to as CMR, or Conventional Magnetic Recording.<\/p>\n

Hard Drive Reliability<\/h3>\n

Hard drives are a mature, proven technology. However, being mechanical they have physical limitations and are subject to wear, gravitational shock damage, and consequent failure. The older Google<\/a> and Carnegie Mellon<\/a> studies (2007) revealed hard drive failure rates of nearly 7% per year. Recent tracking indicates that the situation has improved quite a bit, with online storage vendor Backblaze pegging the failure rate<\/a> in its own hard drive farms at less that 2%. Note that these rates don’t account for sudden gravitational shock, i.e, dropping your external drive or laptop.<\/p>\n

Bottom line–hard drives are not as reliable as SSDs, though the latter have their own issues with write cycle limitations.<\/p>\n

Solid-State Drive<\/h2>\n

Though there are several types of persistent memory chips used for solid state storage, by far the most common these days in SSDs is NAND (Not-AND). NAND shares a lot in common with your CPU and system memory in that it’s scads of transistors fabbed (industry slang for fabricated) on silicon wafers. However, NAND retains data when power is removed, where your processor and DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) do not.<\/p>\n

\"Kingston's
Kingston’s KC2000 NVMe SSD<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

It can do this because NAND transistors are gated charge traps, i.e., they trap electrons on one side of a gate. The voltage level of the charge trapped inside determines the value of this “cell”. The number of these levels a cell can handle determines the amount of data it can represent. At the moment this includes:<\/p>\n